1. Internal combustion engines supplementary topics
   1.1. Engine geometry, design and performance parameters
   1.2. Valve timing, intake and exhaust systems
   1.3. Electronic fuel injection and ignition systems
2. Engine computational modelling and simulation
   2.1. Engine computational model building
   2.2. Simulation and experimental results analysis and interpretation
   2.3. Engine components development for engine performance optimization
3. Engine testing and development
   3.1. Engine dynamometer tests
   3.2. Engine experimental testing apparatus and instrumentation
   3.3. Experimental results interpretation
4. Engine Control Units (ECU) electronic optimization
   4.1. Engine control systems state of the art
   4.2. Component selection, installation and tuning of universal ECUs
   4.3. Original ECUs reprogram and tuning
   4.4. Signal emulation systems
   4.5. Engine dynamometer tests for ECU electronic optimization

1. Data acquisition
   1.1. Introduction
   1.2. Common ways of data acquisition
   1.3. Sampling and holding
   1.4. Analog-to-digital conversion
   1.5. Digital-to-analog conversion
   1.6. Multiplexing
2. Data Acquisition Systems
   2.1. Introduction
   2.2. Architectures
   2.3. Data acquisition boards
   2.4. Data acquisition software
   2.5. Data communication standards
3. Introduction to Signal Processing
   3.1. Basic continuous-time and discrete-time signals
   3.2. System properties and classification
   3.3. LTI systems, convolution and impulse response
4. Frequency Analysis
   4.1. Fourier analysis for continuous-time and discrete-time signals
   4.2. Fourier transforms – DTFT, DFT and FFT
5. Sampling
   5.1. The sampling theorem
   5.2. The effect of undersampling: aliasing
   5.3. Signal reconstruction
6. Signal Processing for Automotive Applications
   6.1. Discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals
   6.2. FIR and IIR filters
   6.3. Application examples in automotive engineering

1. Introduction.
   1.1. Types of dynamic forces
   1.2. Discretization
   1.3. Elements of a vibrating system
   1.4. Simple harmonic motion
   1.5. Formulation of the equations of motion
   1.6. Lagrangian Equations
2. Single degree-of-freedom system
   2.1. Equations of motion
   2.2. Free vibration response without and with damping
   2.3. Logarithmic decrement
   2.4. Response to a harmonic force.
   2.5. Harmonic movement of the support base
   2.6. Transmissibility.
   2.7. Response to non-periodic forces
3. Systems with more than one degree-of-freedom.
   3.1. Equations of Motion
   3.2. Principal co-ordinates
   3.3. Natural modes of vibration without dampening
   3.4. Modal analysis
4. Application of vibrations to human confort in vehicles
   4.1. Effective Acceleration Value
   4.2. Spectral filters
   4.3. ISO 2631 standard
5. Introduction to noise
   5.1. Fundamentals
   5.2. Sound levels, intensity, and power
   5.3. Noise effect on humans
   5.4. Measurement and control

1 – Introduction to the finite element method
2 – Integral formulation and variational methods
2.1 – Weighted-integral statements
2.2 – Weak formulation of boundary value problems
2.3 – Variational methods
2.3.1 – Rayleigh-Ritz
2.3.2 – Galerkin
2.3.3 – Petrov-Galerkin
2.3.4 – Least-squares
3 – Basic steps of the finite element method
4 – One-dimension problems
4.1 – Introduction
4.2 – Truss
4.3 – Beam
4.4 – 2D
4.5 – 3D
5 – Contact problems
5.1 – Contact between bars
5.2 – Numerical models

1. Introduction to Operations Management and Automotive Logistics
   1.1 Fundamental Concepts
   1.2 Characterization of the automotive sector and its value chain
   1.3 Challenges and trends in the automotive sector
2. Operations Management
   2.1 Operations, Performance and Strategy Management
   2.2 Process Design and Analysis
   2.3 Inventory Management
   2.4 Aggregate Planning and Capacity
   2.5 Resource Planning
   2.6 Operations Programming and Production Line Balancing
   2.7 Project Management and Learning Curve
   2.8 Development, implementation and maintenance of lean approaches to operations
3. Logistics
   3.1 Logistics and logistics management
   3.2 Supply chain design, coordination and optimization
   3.3 Integrated Planning and Stock Management
   3.4 Logistics and Distribution Systems: Transportation Planning and Vehicle Routing

1. Business management and its evolution
2. Evolution of the main cultural values and its impact on costumers behavior
3. Influences of behaviors and motivations in the elaboration of a strategic plan
4. Leadership caracteristics, roles and atitudes of the líder. The balance between open and determined leadership. 5. Leadership and coaching. Tyoes of delegation according to employees characteristics.
5. Characteristics of a transformational leader. Delegation with effective communication. SMART exemples for automotive management.
6. Fundamental rules for team leadership following a business plan.

1. Mechanical behavior of components
   1.1. Concepts and applications of fracture mechanics to fatigue
   1.2. Residual stresses. Overloads
   1.3. Fatigue tests and morphology of fracture surfaces
   1.4. The behavior of components and manufacturing processes
   1.5. Introducing of fatigue failure criteria for multiaxial loads
2. Materials and structures
   2.1. New structural materials
   2.2. Non-linear behavior of structures
   2.3. Energy in the deformation and restitution
   2.4. Controlled deformation in vehicle structures
3. Impact and Crashworthiness
   3.1.Vehicle impact
   3.4. Vehicle collisions (centered and non-centered)
4. Safety
   4.1. Relationship between vehicle passengers and passive safety systems
   4.2. Kinematic relationship between vehicle passengers body injury criteria
   4.3. Vehicle accident reconstruction

1. Introduction to electric drives in vehicles
   1.1. Rotary electric machines (DC, AC Synchronous and AC Induction / Asynchronous)
   1.2. Power electronics fundamentals
2. Control of DC electric propulsion systems
   2.1. DC motor speed and torque control
   2.2. Operation as a generator (energy recovery)
   2.3. Control loops and required sensors
   2.4. DC-DC converters
3. Control of AC electric propulsion systems
   3.1. AC motor speed and torque control
   3.2. Operation as a generator (energy recovery)
   3.3. Control loops and required sensors
   3.4. DC-AC converters (inverters)
4. Simulation of electric propulsion systems
   4.1. Modelling
   4.2. Analysis and interpretation of results
   4.3. Obtaining power and torque curves

1. Latest generation internal combustion engines
   1.1. Technological evolution of Otto and Diesel engines
   1.2. Thermal cycles and load management in state-of-the-art internal combustion engines
   1.3. Injection and ignition systems used in latest generation internal combustion engines
   1.4. New combustion techniques in engines
   1.5. Alternative and synthetic fuels
2. Pollutant emission control
   2.1. Approval cycles and legislative framework
   2.2. Emission of pollutants control in combustion engines
   2.3. Exhaust gas aftertreatment systems (catalysts, particulate filters, selective catalytic reduction systems)
   2.4. Advanced exhaust gas aftertreatment systems and its integration with other vehicle systems
3. Systems for reducing energy consumption in vehicles
   3.1. Thermal management systems
   3.2. Exhaust gas recirculation systems
   3.3. Vehicle energy recovery systems
4. Alternative propulsion systems
   4.1. Different configurations of alternative propulsion systems
   4.2. Thermal management systems for electric and hybrid vehicles
   4.3. Use of hydrogen and fuel cells in vehicles
   4.4. Comparison of energy efficiency of conventional and alternative propulsion systems

1. Introduction to vehicle communications
   1.1 Electronic embedded systems
   1.2 Principles of vehicles networks
   1.3 Network topologies
   1.4 Applications, requirements, opportunities and challenges
2. Data communication systems
   2.1 Programing of embedded systems
   2.2 Serial communications RS-232, SPI and I2C
   2.3 Monitoring and diagnosis systems
3. Protocols of Intra-vehicle communication networks
   3.1 LIN, CAN, CAN FD and Flexray
   3.2 Diagnosis Protocols
   3.3 SAE J1979 protocol
   3.4 Emerging protocols

1. Analysis of the life cycle of products
2. Circular economy and recycling
3. Recyclable and non-recyclable materials
4. Recycling polymeric, metallic, ceramic and composite materials
5. Trends and prospects for recycling
   6 Processing of metallic and non-metallic materials
6. Advanced connection processes
   7.1 Advanced welding processes
   7.2 Adhesive joints
   8 Unconventional manufacturing processes
   8.1 Unconventional machining processes
   8.2 Advanced forming processes
   8.3 Additive manufacturing processes

1. Fundamental Marketing Concepts (what’s marketing and associated concepts; marketing evolution ) and case studies in the automotive industry (from Ford to date).
2. The relationship between strategic planning and operational planning. The evolution of marketing planning in light of new mobility trends for the industry.
3. Individualized, mass or segmented and marketing; segmentation marketing criteria. Segmentation in the automotive sector; consumer behavior and motivations in the automotive sector; the process of buying the car; product development and life cycle in the automotive sector.
4. Marketing Mix (Product, Price, Distribution and Communication) and the distinction of various brands in their use. Digital Marketing in the automotive sector.

1. Introduction to embedded systems in vehicles
   1.1. Advanced driver assistance and self-driving cars
   1.2. Real time systems
   1.3. Artificial Intelligence
2. Perception
   2.1. Computer vision
   2.2. LIght Detection And Ranging
   2.3. RAdio Detection And Ranging
3. State estimation and localization
   3.1. Global navigation satellite system
   3.2. Inertial measurement unit
   3.3. Simultaneous localization and mapping
4. Motion Planning and Control
   4.1. Local and global path planner
   4.2. A* algorithm
   4.3. PID controller
   4.4. Model-predictive control

1. Introduction – Methods to solve engineering problems
   1.1. Theoretical calculation
   1.2. Experimental investigation
   1.3. Numerical prediction
   1.4. Choice of solution method
2. Governing differential equations
   2.1. The continuity equation
   2.2. The momentum equation
   2.3. The energy equation
   2.4. The time averaged equations (RANS) for turbulent flows
   2.5. The general differential equation
3. Discretization methods
   3.1. Discretization concept
   3.2. The structure of the discretization equations
   3.3. The control volume formulation
4. Numerical heat and mass transfer
   4.1. Heat conduction
   4.2. Convection and diffusion
   4.3. Velocity, pressure and temperature fields prediction
5. Illustrative applications
   5.1. Heat exchangers
   5.2. Aerodynamics (interior and exterior) of road vehicles

1. Vehicle dynamics
   1.1. Vehicle dynamics terminology and fundamentals
   1.2. Equations of planar motion
   1.3. Kinematics and dynamics of a rigid body
   1.4. Driving and stability
   1.5. Heavy vehicles and trailers
   1.6. Two-wheeled vehicles
2. Factors involved in vehicle dynamics
   2.1. Transmission systems and brakes
   2.2. Suspensions and steering
   2.3. Mass distribution
   2.4. Tires
   2.5. Aerodynamics
3. Vehicle dynamics
   3.1. Introduction to computer simulation of multibody dynamic analysis
   3.2. Analysis of vehicle dynamics and chassis systems, definition of models
   3.3. Computational dynamic simulation vehicle systems
   3.4. Vehicle crash dynamics
4. Methods and instrumentation for dynamic analysis and evaluation of vehicles
   4.1. Standard test methods
   4.2. Instrumentation for measuring dynamic data of a vehicle in a test situation
   4.3. Performance evaluation based on suspension, steering, transmission, propulsion and geometry parameters

a) The students choose to apply for an Automotive Project, Dissertation, or an Internship.

• Students will develop an original scientific work, whose theme and syllabus are defined by the supervisor and, if applicable, the co-supervisor of each work. The subject of the work is approved by the Scientific Council (CTC) of ESTG and will be developed in an academic or research environment and/or industrial.
• Students will develop an original scientific work with an essentially fundamental approach , whose theme and syllabus are defined by the supervisor and, if applicable, the co-supervisor of each work. The subject of the work is approved by the Scientific Council (CTC) of ESTG and will be developed in an academic or research environment and/or industrial.
• Students will develop an applied scientific working project developed in an industrial environment, whose theme and syllabus are defined by the supervisor and the co-supervisor of each work (if applicable) and the host company. The subject of the work is approved by the Scientific Council (CTC) of ESTG and will be developed in an academic or research environment and/or industrial.