Syllabus:

1. The concept of circular economy
   1.1 Framework
   1.2 Definition of circular economy
   1.3 Value chain: closing the cycle
2. Case studies: the transition from the linear to the circular economy
3. A circular world: aligning sustainability with profit
   3.1 Examples of circular economy
4. The circular economy and the future
5. Implementation of the circular economy
6. The circular economy and sustainability
   6.1 Sustainability
   6.2 Environmental considerations
   6.3 The social factor
   7. Methodologies for analysis of the Circular Economy
   7.1 Available indicators (Cost/benefit analysis, Life cycle assessment, Value chain assessment, Agent-Based Modelling,Ecological Footprint, Ecosystem value, or others).

Syllabus:

1. Concept of bio-economy,
2. Production of biomass,
3. Biorefinery,
4. Bioconversion,
5. Sustainability of resources,
6. Consumer behavior,
7. Marketing and Business,
8. Logistics and supply chains,
9. Economics and regulations.

Syllabus:

1. Biodiversity of marine resources
2. Sustainable exploitation of marine resources
3. Sustainable production of marine resources
   3.1 Innovation in Aquaculture
   3.2 Growth of macroalgae
4. Valorisation and innovation of products of marine origin
   4.1 Valuing under-exploited resources
   4.2 Recovery of by-products
   4.3 Technologies and pipelines for the bioprospection of marine compounds and materials
   4.4 Assessment of the bioactive potential of marine constituents for application in industry
   4.5 Case studies: application in different value chains

Syllabus:

Central elements of resource efficiency and the circular economy:
1.1 Industrial ecology
1.2 Supply Chain Management

2. Design, manufacture, use, reuse, repair, remanufacturing, recycling and waste management
   2.1 Product design and development
   2.2 Production engineering
   2.3 User-oriented design
   2.4 Waste management
   2.5 Life Cycle assessment
   2.6 Case studies: the transition from linear to the circular economy
3. Management of change:
   3.1 Change management in business
   3.2 Public Policies for the Circular Economy
4. Case studies: Real cases of the circular economy.

Syllabus:

1. The concept of natural capital.
2. Ecosystem services: definition, categories, applications.
3. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES),
   3.1 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA)
   3.2 The Economics of Ecosystem and Biodiversity (TEEB)
4. Mapping and Quantification of Ecosystem Services
   4.1 Indicators
   4.2 Mapping and Evaluation of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) – Types of mapping (Corine Land Cover (CLC),
   Portuguese Land Use and Land Cover Map (COS), and Ecosystem Types of Europe, PPGIS/PGIS, or others).
   4.3 Assessment of condition/state
   4.4 Indicators for the economic valuation of Ecosystem Services.
5. Case Studies.

Please choose one of the following electives:

Monitoring and Restoration of Marine Ecosystems

1. Fundamental concepts of conservation and restoration of ecology
2. Restoration of Populations and Communities
3. Ecological processes
4. The Restoration of ecological functions: the spatial and temporal dimensions
5. Planning the ecological restoration
6. The role of social processes in planning ecological restoration
7. Restoration of different marine ecosystems
8. Policy and management issues

Coastal Tourism and Circular Economy

1. Tourism in coastal areas
   1. a. Characterization of tourism dynamics in coastal areas
   2. b. Main threats and impacts
2. Tourism planning in coastal areas
   1. a. Strategic planning of tourism
   2. b. Planning instruments
   3. c. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
3. Contributions of coastal tourism to the circular economy: Analysis of case studies
   1. a. Tourist enterprises: accommodation, catering, entertainment, and related services
   2. b. Transport
   3. c. Energy and consumption patterns
   4. d. Water management
   5. e. Waste

Climate Change and the Circular Economy

1. Introduction to climatic change
   1. a. Global climate system and terrestrial energy balance
   2. b. Climate modeling and emission scenarios
   3. c. Impacts of climate change on various sectors of society (Tourism, Oceans and Water Resources, among others)
2. Mechanisms for quantification of greenhouse gas emissions
   1. a. Sectoral analysis (Oceans and water resources, energy, agriculture, health, economy, and tourism, among others)
   2. b. Tools for quantification of emissions
3. Climate adaptation measures and processes
   1. a. Types of adaptation measures
   2. b. Ongoing adaptation processes
4. Contributions of the circular economy to decarbonization
   1. a. Hotspot Identification Tools (SCP-HAT)
   2. b. Circular city scan
5. Analysis of case studies

Syllabus:

1. Marine Strategy Framework Directive
2. OSPAR Convention
3. Maritime spatial planning
4. Ecosystem Approach to Marine Management
   a. Analysis of case studies
5. Integrated Maritime Policy
6. Mechanisms for shared management of living resources
   a. Co-management systems in fisheries
   b. Model of co-management of protected areas
7. Data science applied to the management of marine ecosystems
   a. Collecting data through Citizen Science
   b. Emerging technologies for data collection and processing (Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and Blockchain)

Please choose two of the following electives:

Entrepreneurship and Blue Innovation

1. Introduction to entrepreneurship
2. Innovation as a driver of competitiveness
3. Relevance of the Blue Economy – traditional sectors and emerging sectors
4. Facilitators of the Blue Economy
5. The potential of digital technologies in the Blue Economy
6. Recognizing opportunities and generating business ideas in the context of the Blue Economy
7. Feasibility analysis and business plan
8. Intellectual property

Renewable Energies

1. Energy and Renewable Energy Sources,
2. Renewable energies and the circular economy,
3. Hydro, Wind and Geothermal Energy,
4. Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Energy,
5. Bioenergy and Biofuels,
6. Energy from the Oceans,
7. Energy Systems,
8. Energy in the Future.

Blue Economy

1. The Blue Economy: description, current status, and future trends
2. The economy of Azul in Portugal
   1. 2.1 Description, current status, and trends
   2. 2.2 The Portuguese Sea Satellite Account
   3. 2.3 The PwC index of the Portuguese Sea Economy (2010 – 2020)
3. Established sectors of the sea economy and their subsectors: economic performance and key indicators
4. Emerging maritime economy sectors and their subsectors: economic performance and key indicators
5. The blue economy from the historical point of view
6. Markets and functioning of the sea economy (transport, ports, and fisheries)
7. Analysis of case studies
   1. 7.1 Training and skills for the blue economy
   2. 7.2 Financing, R&D and Innovation in the Blue Economy

Blue Growth and Innovation Policy

1. National and European policies for blue growth and financing mechanisms
2. Atlantic Strategy – Action Plan for the Atlantic Ocean Area
3. A European strategy for blue growth and green growth
4. Collaborative processes for innovation and entrepreneurship – 3x to 5x propeller model
5. Structures and mechanisms to support innovation and entrepreneurship
   1. a. Incubators and accelerators for the blue economy
   2. b. Knowledge and technology transfer platforms
   3. c. Economic clusters
6. Research link – economy for blue growth
   1. a. National and European case studies
   2. b. Collaborative laboratories
7. Co-promotion mechanisms
8. Social innovation and blue growth

Marine Pollution and the Circular Economy

1. Marine pollution:
   1. a Origins, destination, scale
   2. b Types of marine pollution
   3. c Ecological, environmental and socio-economic impacts
2. Regulation of pollution
   1. a National legislation
   2. b International programs and conventions
3. Instruments to identify sources of pollution
4. Pollution mapping.
5. Measures to prevent or reduce marine pollution
6. Solutions to eliminate or minimize pollution in the context of the circular economy. Case studies.

Syllabus:

1. Co-creation: concepts and value
2. Co-creation and innovation
3. Creativity and Design Thinking
4. The process of Co-Creation of Innovation: from Ideation to the development process

• Tools for co-creating innovation;
• The discovery of people and context;
• The analysis of solution proposals.