1. Integral Calculus in IR
   1.1. Primitive: definition and properties; Primitivation Methods
   1.2. Defined integral: definition and properties; Fundamental theorem of integral calculus; Integral Calculus
   Applications
2. Differential Equations.
   2.1. Basic Concepts and Terminology
   2.2. 1st order ordinary EDs and arbitrary order linear ordinary EDs
   2.3. Applications.
3. Functions of Multiple Real Variables
   3.1. Definitions
   3.2. Partial derivatives
   3.3. Differentiability
   3.4. Extremes
   3.5 Multiple integrals (double and triple); Multiple integrals over limited regions
   3.6. Variable Change
   3.7. applications

1. Introduction
2. Classical Mechanics
   2.1. Kinetics; One-dimensional motion and circular motion;
   2.2. Dynamics: Newton’s Laws; Gravitational, frictional and inertial force;
   2.3. Work and Energy: work, power, kinetic energy and potential;
   2.4. Fluids: Pascal and Archimedes Principles, Bernoulli Equations, Laminar and Turbulent Flow;
3. Notions of Thermodynamics
   3.1. Zero law of thermodynamics, temperature, thermal equilibrium;
   3.2. First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, Work, heat transfer;
   3.3. Second law of thermodynamics; Heat / work conversion; Carnot and entropy;
4. Notions of Electricity and Magnetism
   4.1. Electric Field, direct current, Ohm’s law;
   4.2. Magnetic and electromagnetic field, alternating current, electromagnetic waves.

1. The chemical bond.
2. Intermolecular forces of solids, liquids and gases.
3. Chemical Kinetics:
4. Basics of Thermochemistry
5. Chemical Balance:
6. Acids and bases.

1. The Chemistry of Life
2. The cell
   2.1. Cell Theory and Cell Organization
   2.2. Organelles and the nucleus
   2.3. Membrane Structure and Function Cellular communication.
3. Characterization of Biological Diversity
4. Ecological diversity and biogeography
5. General patterns of variation in biological diversity

1. Chemical and biotechnology laboratories
   1.1. Laboratory health and safety; Chemical, electrical, radiological and fire safety.
   1.2. Chemical waste management.
2. Scientific Method
   2.1. Experimental design and basic laboratory procedures
   2.2. Data Organization
3. Validation of analytical methods
4. Research, Elaboration and Results Communication
5. Classical methods of analysis
6. Instrumental methods of analysis – Refractometry; Spectrophotometry; Potentiometry and Chromatography
7. Chemical methods applied in bioseparation, concentration and purification processes.
8. Process integration and scaling up.

1. Basics of algorithms and computation.
2. Successions and convergence
3. Representation of numbers and errors.
4. Polynomial interpolation.
5. Numerical integration.
6. Nonlinear Equations.
7. Matrices and systems of linear equations.

1. Introduction – Concept and scope of biochemistry.
2. Macromolecule chemistry.
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids
5. Enzymes
6. Glycerides
7. Lipids
8. Vitamins

1 – Introduction to industrial processes
2 – System concept, intensive and extensive properties

3. Mass Conservation Law
4. Mass Balances
5. Thermodynamics
   6 – Energy Balances
   7 – Fundamentals of fluid mechanics
   8 – Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer.
   9- Biotechnological Process Flowcharts
   10 –Income
   11 – Case Studies in Biotechnology.

1. Introduction to microbiology
2. Nutrition, Growth and Control of Microorganisms
   2.1. Culture and isolation
   2.2. Growth kinetics and factors affecting growth
   2.3. Growth control and death kinetics
3. Prokaryotic metabolism:
   3.1. Definitions and Importance of prokaryotes in biogeochemical cycles
   3.2. Heterotrophic, lithotrophic and autotrophic metabolism
   3.3. Biosynthesis
4. Viruses:
   4.1. Structure and general characteristics
   4.2. Virus Reproduction and Culture
5. Applied Microbiology:
   5.1. Top Microbiology Products of Interest to Man

1. Biology and biotechnology laboratories
2. 1.1. Assessment and classification of biological risks and hierarchy of containment levels.
3. 1.2. Biological Protection and Safety Equipment Directives
4. 1.3. Accidents and Incidents; Biological Waste Management
5. Planning, collection, conservation and treatment of biological samples
6. Methods of preparation and analysis of biological samples.
7. Optical microscopy.
8. Sterile techniques.
9. Basic techniques in molecular biology
10. Biological methods applied in bioseparation processes and monitoring of isolation and purification processes

P1. DNA and RNA structure. Chromosomes, chromatin and nucleosome.
P2. DNA Replication
P3. Mutations and DNA repair mechanisms.
P4. Genetic recombination.
P5. RNA transcription and processing.
P6. MRNA translation.
P7. Regulation of gene expression

1. Introduction to Statistics and Biostatistics.
2. Descriptive Statistics
3. Random Variables
4. Statistical Inference
5. Correlation and Regression

1. Introduction to metabolism
2. Glycid metabolism
   2.1. Regulation of glycemic metabolism
3. Citric acid cycle and glyoxylate cycle
   3.1. Regulation of citric acid cycle and glyoxylate cycle metabolism
4. Oxidative phosphorylation
   4.1. Regulation of oxidative phosphorylation.
5. Photosynthesis
6. Fatty acid metabolism
   6.1. Regulation of fatty acid metabolism
7. Protein Metabolism

1. Background: Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering
2. Bioreactors
   2.1. Stoichiometry and kinetics of microbial processes
   2.2. Type geometries and modes of operation in bioreactors;
   2.3. Mixing and Shaking; Mass transfer, heat transfer and sterilization
   2.4. Scale up and Scale down
3. Bioseparation Processes
4. Biocatalysis
   4.1. Enzymatic Kinetics
   4.2. Cellular enzymes and biocatalysts and immobilization methods.
   4.3. Biocatalysis in unconventional media.

[P1.] Introduction: scope of microbiology applied to Biotechnology; industrial microbiology versus biotechnology
[P2.] Groups of microorganisms most important in industrial microbiology / biotechnology
[P3.] Basic requirements of microorganisms: culture media; carbon and nitrogen sources; alternative raw materials.
[P4.] Fermentative processes; upstream and downstream processisng.
[P5.] Microbiology as a tool in different areas of biotechnology: food, environmental, industrial, marine.

1. Introduction to genetic engineering
2. Vectors
3. Enzymes in genetic engineering
   3.1. Restriction enzymes, endo and exonucleases, classification and modes of action
   3.2. DNases, Rases, methylases, phosphatases, kinases, ligases
4. DNA hybridization, amplification and sequencing
   4.1. DNA detection methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR variations and their applications
   4.2. Nucleic acid hybridization methods.
5. DNA library construction
   5.1. DNA isolation, purification and quantification, plasmid isolation
   5.2. Construction of cDNA and genomic DNA libraries
6. Gene Transfer Techniques
   6.1. Plant gene transfer techniques (Agrobacterium and plant virus mediated gene transfer), animals and
   microorganisms
   6.2. Transformation, electroporation, microprojectiles
7. Applications
   7.1. Microbial Biotechnology
   7.2. Gene Therapy

1. Pollution and contamination
2. Environmental Risk Assessment
3. Fundamental Concepts
4. Bioremediation.
5. Biotechnological applications for sustainable processes.
6. Methods of treatment of liquid and gaseous effluents and waste.
7. Environmental and waste management legislation.

1. Introductory Concepts of Food Biotechnology. Evolution of Biotechnology in the Food Industry
2. Microorganisms involved in food fermentations.
3. Fermentative Food Processes
   3.2 Use of yeast
   3.3 Use of bacteria
4. Sensory Analysis
5. Functional Foods
6. Application and production of enzymes in the food industry.
7. Technologies for the production and application of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

1 – Fundamental concepts and application areas of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.
2 – Fundamental research lines in pharmaceutical biotechnology.
2.1 Production of recombinant therapeutic molecules: small molecules and natural products, hormones and cytokines,
enzymes.
2.2 Monoclonal antibodies (therapeutic and diagnostic) and vaccines.
2.3 Gene and cellular therapy.
2.4 Biomaterials and tissue engineering.
2.5 Application in diagnosis.
3 – Industrial development, production process and validation of new biopharmaceuticals. Biosynthesis of drugs by
fermentation and bio-transformation.
4 – Legislative and economic considerations. Future perspectives.

1. Marine microbiology
   1.1 Introduction to marine microbiology
   1.2 Methods in marine microbiology
   1.3 Physiology of marine microorganisms
   1.4 Role of microorganisms in oceanic processes
   1.5 Genomics of marine microorganisms
2. Marine bioprospecting
   2.1 Isolation of marine natural products
   2.2 Bioactive and biomaterial compounds of the marine environment
   2.3 Assays for detection of enzymes and bioactive molecules
3. Sustainable growth of marine organisms
   3.1 Microalgae and macroalgae cultivation
   3.2 Cultivation of other marine organisms

Q1. Biological databases.
P2. Introduction to algorithms in bioinformatics.
P3. Sequence alignment, simple alignment, multiple alignment.
Q4. Phylogeny
Q4. Motif prediction and protein structure.
P5. Gene prediction and genomic annotation.
P6. Gene expression analysis

1. Introduction to immunology. Cells and organs of the immune system.
2. T cells and B cells: selection, maturation and activation.
3. Specific and non-specific defense mechanisms.
   3.1.Inflammatory response. Complement system. Interferon.
   3.2. Cellular immunity and humoral immunity.
4. Major histocompatibility complex: heredity, processing and antigen presentation.
5. Immunization.
6. Pathophysiology of the immune system: health and disease.
   6.1.Inflammation and anti-inflammatory mediators.
   6.2.Tolerance, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity; Immunodeficiencies.
   6.3. Transplantation and immune base of rejection.
   6.4.Cancer and immune system.
   6.5.Immunomodulation and immunotherapy.
7. Antigens and immunogens.

1. Basic principles of animal cell and tissue culture.
2. Asepsis techniques and sterilization methods. Basic methods in cell and tissue culture: culture medium, subculture,
   cell viability.
   3.Culture of animal cells and tissues: Animal cell biology: metabolism; accession; proliferation; differentiation. Primary
   culture, subcultures and cell lines. Equipment and culture media. Cryopreservation of animal cells. Experimental
   methods: cell viability; cell proliferation; Apoptosis Tissue engineering.
3. Stem Cells
4. Multidrug Resistant Cells: Model Used to Test New Drugs
5. Animal models for tumor tissue induction.

1. Basic principles of plant cell and tissue culture: historical perspective and study methods in plant biotechnology.
2. In vitro plant culture: totipotence and competence; vegetative multiplication, growth regulators, culture media and
   environmental conditions of culture. Plant cloning – meristema propagation and organogenesis: meristema types,
   objectives and limitations.
3. Cell suspensions and somatic embryogenesis: types of embryogenesis, phases and induction. Pollen
   embryogenesis and haploid production. Cell suspensions and production of secondary metabolites. Protoplasts and
   somatic hybridization.
4. Genetic manipulation and plant breeding. Genetically modified plants

1. Seaweed Processes and Products
2. Biomaterials
3. Biosensors
4. Biomarkers
5. Biofuels
6. Bioremediation Applications
7. Biotechnological interventions in aquaculture

1. Bioethics
2. Communication in Science
3. Biotechnology Entrepreneurship
4. Intellectual Property
5. Scientific Careers
6. National and European Support Programs
7. Regulatoty Framework
8. Organization of study visit, lecture or scientific workshop

1. Theme selection and work team
2. Research and experimental design
3. Development of laboratory work
4. Analysis and treatment of results
5. Presentation and public discussion of the work developed

Project

1. Research and update the state of the art on the theme
   1.1. Literature search in the area of biotechnology
   1.2. Prepare a monograph about the state of art of a given area of biotechnology
2. Planning and development of a scientific project in Biotechnology
   2.1. Definition of working hypotheses
   2.2. Drafting and planning the steps in the development of a project
   2.3. Organizing the work in the laboratory
   2.4. Presentation of the preliminary scientific project in the form of seminars.
   2.5. Planning of the experimental design.
   2.6. Presentation of preliminary results of the scientific project in the form of a seminar.
3. Writing the final report.
   3.1. Writing a report with proper structure / formatting and discussion of the results obtained comparing them to the current state of the art.
4. Presentation and discussion of final project
   4.1. Defence and discussion of the written report and the oral presentation of the proposed project

Internship

The Areas / Functions eligible for the internship are all related to the Biotechnology topics covered in the other
curricular units of the degree and which fit the requirements of the regulation of curricular and extracurricular
internships of ESTM (Regulation No. 1087/2016).
According to each specific company, the registration / participation in the tasks should pay attention to the following
aspects:

1. Research and update the state of the art on the topic proposed in the work plan.
2. Requirements, challenges and particular aspects of the scope of activities performed
3. Report writing